TUBB3 encodes the neuronal-specific β-tubulin isotype III, a critical component of microtubules that plays essential roles in neuronal development and function 1. As a structural constituent of the cytoskeleton, TUBB3 is crucial for proper axon guidance and maintenance, particularly in cranial and peripheral neurons 1. The protein facilitates neuronal migration and axon growth through precise control of microtubule dynamics 1. TUBB3 also plays a role in dorsal root ganglion axon projection towards the spinal cord, with its interaction with netrin signaling pathways affecting microtubule dynamics and axon repulsion 2. Beyond its neuronal functions, TUBB3 has significant clinical relevance in cancer biology. It serves as a biomarker for aggressive tumors and is associated with resistance to microtubule-targeting chemotherapies like taxanes 34. TUBB3 overexpression promotes cancer cell survival under hypoxic conditions and enhances anoikis resistance, facilitating metastasis in cancers such as prostate and ovarian cancer 56. Pathogenic variants in TUBB3 cause congenital disorders including cortical dysplasia and congenital fibrosis of extraocular muscles, emphasizing its critical role in neurodevelopment 2.