VSNL1 encodes visinin-like protein 1 (VILIP-1), a neuronal calcium-binding protein that serves multiple cellular functions. The primary function involves calcium-dependent regulation of cellular signaling, where VILIP-1 modulates cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and influences neuronal morphology 1. Mechanistically, VILIP-1 acts as a calcium sensor protein that affects adenylyl cyclase activity, with knockdown decreasing cAMP levels and reducing dendrite branching, while overexpression has opposite effects 1. The protein also regulates rhodopsin phosphorylation in a calcium-dependent manner and participates in calcium signaling pathways 2. VSNL1 has significant disease relevance, with genetic variants associated with schizophrenia and frontal cortical dysfunction 1. The gene is overexpressed in colorectal cancer, where it promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through interaction with COL10A1 3 4. Additionally, VSNL1 is altered across multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and ALS 5, and its expression correlates with Alzheimer's disease pathways including amyloid precursor protein expression 2. Clinically, VSNL1 serves as a peripheral biomarker for Alzheimer's disease and represents a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer treatment 2 3.