ZFP36L1 is a zinc-finger RNA-binding protein that regulates gene expression post-transcriptionally by destabilizing AU-rich element (ARE)-containing mRNAs in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR). It functions as an mRNA decay adapter, recruiting the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex to promote poly(A) tail removal and mRNA degradation 123. ZFP36L1 controls diverse biological processes including cellular differentiation, immune regulation, and stress responses through selective mRNA decay of lineage-determining transcription factors and inflammatory mediators 45. Clinically, ZFP36L1 dysregulation associates with multiple diseases. In small cell lung cancer, LSD1 inhibitor sensitivity depends on ZFP36L1 restoration, which blocks neuroendocrine differentiation by destabilizing SOX2 and INSM1 mRNAs 6. In gastric cancer, super-enhancer-driven ZFP36L1 promotes immune escape by destabilizing HDAC3 mRNA, enhancing PD-L1 expression 7. In severe asthma, ZFP36L1 downregulation in airway epithelium correlates with increased inflammatory mediators; restoration decreases IL-6, IL-8, and CSF2 expression 5. ZFP36L1 mutations occur in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma subtypes and influence prognosis 8. In senescence, mTOR-mediated phosphorylation of ZFP36L1 regulates the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, affecting tumor suppression and aging 9. Additionally, ZFP36L1 participates in stress granule formation and processes requiring precise mRNA stability control 10.