BOP1 (BOP1 ribosomal biogenesis factor) is a nucleolar protein that serves as an essential component of the PeBoW complex, which is required for maturation of 28S and 5.8S ribosomal RNAs and formation of the 60S ribosome 1. BOP1 functions as an integral component that bridges Pes1 and WDR12 within the PeBoW complex, with its nucleolar localization being Pes1-dependent 1. The protein undergoes cytoplasm-to-nucleolus transport and associates with preribosomal particles during ribosome biogenesis 1. BOP1 is significantly upregulated in multiple cancer types, including colorectal, prostate, triple-negative breast, and gastric cancers 2345. Its oncogenic functions include promoting chr8 instability through aurora kinase B activation 2, enhancing cancer stem cell properties via β-catenin acetylation 4, and regulating cell proliferation through p53 modulation 56. High BOP1 expression correlates with poor prognosis and chemoresistance in cancer patients 45. BOP1 has emerged as a potential therapeutic target, with 128 ribosome biogenesis genes including BOP1 identified for anti-tumor therapy development 7.