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GeneE
10 sources retrieved Β· Most recent: April 2026 Β· Index updated 14 days ago
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GAMT
guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase
Chromosome 19 Β· 19p13.3
NCBI Gene: 2593Ensembl: ENSG00000130005.14HGNC: HGNC:4136UniProt: Q14353
47PubMed Papers
21Diseases
0Drugs
145Pathogenic Variants
RESEARCH IMPACT
Variant-Rich
CLINICAL
OMIM Disease Gene
DATA QUALITY
βœ“ Experimental GO Evidenceβœ“ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
protein bindingguanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase activitycreatine biosynthetic processnucleusguanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiencycerebral creatine deficiency syndromegenetic disorderIntellectual disability
✦AI Summary

GAMT (guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase) is a critical enzyme in creatine biosynthesis that converts guanidinoacetate to creatine using S-adenosylmethionine as the methyl donor 1. This enzyme is highly expressed in liver and kidney but is also distributed throughout the central nervous system, where it plays an essential role in maintaining cellular energy homeostasis through the creatine/phosphocreatine system 23. GAMT works in coordination with AGAT (arginine:glycine amidinotransferase) to complete the two-step creatine synthesis pathway, with evidence suggesting these enzymes are expressed in distinct cell populations requiring intercellular transport of intermediates 3. GAMT deficiency causes cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome 2, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe global developmental delay, intellectual disability, speech impairment, epilepsy, movement disorders, and autism spectrum behaviors 456. The condition results from systemic creatine depletion and toxic accumulation of guanidinoacetate, which appears responsible for intractable seizures and movement disorders unique to GAMT deficiency 41. Treatment with oral creatine supplementation combined with arginine restriction and ornithine substitution can improve clinical outcomes, particularly when initiated early, though complete normalization is rarely achieved 61. Gene therapy approaches delivering both GATM and GAMT show promise for bypassing creatine transport defects 7.

Sources cited
1
GAMT converts guanidinoacetate to creatine using S-adenosylmethionine as methyl donor and is highly expressed in liver and kidney
PMID: 26639513
2
GAMT is distributed throughout the central nervous system and plays essential role in cellular energy homeostasis
PMID: 18652072
3
GAMT and AGAT are expressed in distinct cell populations requiring intercellular transport of intermediates
PMID: 18392746
4
GAMT deficiency causes cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome with developmental delay, intellectual disability, speech impairment, epilepsy, and movement disorders
PMID: 12701824
5
GAMT deficiency presents with global developmental delays, mental retardation, seizures, and autism spectrum disorder
PMID: 23622406
6
GAMT deficiency features delayed language development, learning disorders, autistic behavior, epileptic seizures, and movement disorders
PMID: 19289269
7
Gene therapy with GATM and GAMT shows promise for bypassing creatine transport defects
PMID: 40338959
Disease Associationsβ“˜21
guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiencyOpen Targets
0.85Strong
cerebral creatine deficiency syndromeOpen Targets
0.58Moderate
genetic disorderOpen Targets
0.53Moderate
Intellectual disabilityOpen Targets
0.37Weak
SeizureOpen Targets
0.37Weak
Abnormality of the nervous systemOpen Targets
0.34Weak
Hereditary late-onset Parkinson diseaseOpen Targets
0.34Weak
late-onset Parkinson diseaseOpen Targets
0.34Weak
Parkinson diseaseOpen Targets
0.34Weak
metabolic syndromeOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
nonpapillary renal cell carcinomaOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 4Open Targets
0.06Suggestive
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
ring chromosome YOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
gastric cancerOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
pachyonychia congenitaOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
lung cancerOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
autismOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
male infertilityOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
cervical cancerOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome 2UniProt
Pathogenic Variants145
NM_000156.6(GAMT):c.152A>C (p.His51Pro)Pathogenic
Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome|Deficiency of guanidinoacetate methyltransferase
β˜…β˜…β˜…β˜†2025β†’ Residue 51
NM_000156.6(GAMT):c.391G>C (p.Gly131Arg)Pathogenic
Deficiency of guanidinoacetate methyltransferase
β˜…β˜…β˜…β˜†2025β†’ Residue 131
NM_000156.6(GAMT):c.352G>T (p.Glu118Ter)Pathogenic
Deficiency of guanidinoacetate methyltransferase
β˜…β˜…β˜…β˜†2025β†’ Residue 118
NM_000156.6(GAMT):c.403G>T (p.Asp135Tyr)Pathogenic
Deficiency of guanidinoacetate methyltransferase
β˜…β˜…β˜…β˜†2025β†’ Residue 135
NM_000156.6(GAMT):c.577C>T (p.Gln193Ter)Likely pathogenic
Deficiency of guanidinoacetate methyltransferase
β˜…β˜…β˜…β˜†2025β†’ Residue 193
NM_000156.6(GAMT):c.158_181+7delPathogenic
Deficiency of guanidinoacetate methyltransferase
β˜…β˜…β˜…β˜†2025
NM_000156.6(GAMT):c.327+43G>ALikely pathogenic
Deficiency of guanidinoacetate methyltransferase
β˜…β˜…β˜…β˜†2025
NM_000156.6(GAMT):c.497T>C (p.Leu166Pro)Pathogenic
Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome|Deficiency of guanidinoacetate methyltransferase
β˜…β˜…β˜…β˜†2025β†’ Residue 166
NM_000156.6(GAMT):c.384C>G (p.His128Gln)Likely pathogenic
Deficiency of guanidinoacetate methyltransferase
β˜…β˜…β˜…β˜†2025β†’ Residue 128
NM_000156.6(GAMT):c.590T>C (p.Leu197Pro)Pathogenic
Deficiency of guanidinoacetate methyltransferase
β˜…β˜…β˜…β˜†2025β†’ Residue 197
NM_000156.6(GAMT):c.467C>A (p.Ala156Asp)Likely pathogenic
not provided|not specified|Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome|Inborn genetic diseases|Deficiency of guanidinoacetate methyltransferase
β˜…β˜…β˜…β˜†2025β†’ Residue 156
NM_000156.6(GAMT):c.194T>C (p.Leu65Pro)Pathogenic
Deficiency of guanidinoacetate methyltransferase
β˜…β˜…β˜…β˜†2025β†’ Residue 65
NM_000156.6(GAMT):c.506G>A (p.Cys169Tyr)Likely pathogenic
Deficiency of guanidinoacetate methyltransferase|Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome|not provided
β˜…β˜…β˜…β˜†2025β†’ Residue 169
NM_000156.6(GAMT):c.564G>T (p.Met188Ile)Likely pathogenic
Deficiency of guanidinoacetate methyltransferase
β˜…β˜…β˜…β˜†2025β†’ Residue 188
NM_000156.6(GAMT):c.439C>T (p.His147Tyr)Likely pathogenic
Deficiency of guanidinoacetate methyltransferase|GAMT-related disorder|not provided
β˜…β˜…β˜…β˜†2025β†’ Residue 147
NM_000156.6(GAMT):c.202G>T (p.Gly68Cys)Likely pathogenic
Deficiency of guanidinoacetate methyltransferase
β˜…β˜…β˜…β˜†2025β†’ Residue 68
NM_000156.6(GAMT):c.220G>C (p.Ala74Pro)Likely pathogenic
Deficiency of guanidinoacetate methyltransferase|Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome|not provided
β˜…β˜…β˜…β˜†2025β†’ Residue 74
NM_000156.6(GAMT):c.233T>A (p.Val78Glu)Likely pathogenic
Deficiency of guanidinoacetate methyltransferase|Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome
β˜…β˜…β˜…β˜†2025β†’ Residue 78
NM_000156.6(GAMT):c.160G>C (p.Ala54Pro)Likely pathogenic
Deficiency of guanidinoacetate methyltransferase
β˜…β˜…β˜…β˜†2025β†’ Residue 54
NM_000156.6(GAMT):c.418_419del (p.Ser140fs)Pathogenic
Deficiency of guanidinoacetate methyltransferase
β˜…β˜…β˜…β˜†2025β†’ Residue 140
View on ClinVar β†—
Related Genes
MYH13Shared pathway100%GTPBP4Protein interaction100%RPF2Protein interaction99%CKMT2Protein interaction97%CKBProtein interaction95%CKMProtein interaction95%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Liver
100%
Heart
9%
Brain
8%
Ovary
4%
Lung
1%
Bone Marrow
1%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
GAMTMYH13GTPBP4RPF2CKMT2CKBCKM
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
PDB3ORH Β· 1.86 Γ… Β· X-ray
View on RCSB β†—
Constraintβ“˜
LOEUFβ“˜
1.54LoF Tolerant
pLIβ“˜
0.00Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF1.11 [0.81–1.54]
RankingsWhere GAMT stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #9,207of 20,598
    Most Researched47
  • #525of 5,498
    Most Pathogenic Variants145 Β· top 10%
  • #15,379of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)1.54
Genes detectedGAMT
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response timeβ€”
πŸ“„ Sources
10β–Ό
1
Gene delivery of AGAT and GAMT boosts creatine levels in creatine transporter deficiency patient fibroblasts.
PMID: 40338959
PLoS One Β· 2025
1.00
2
Creatine deficiency syndromes.
PMID: 12701824
Mol Cell Biochem Β· 2003
0.90
3
Expression and function of AGAT, GAMT and CT1 in the mammalian brain.
PMID: 18652072
Subcell Biochem Β· 2007
0.80
4
Creatine deficiency syndromes.
PMID: 23622406
Handb Clin Neurol Β· 2013
0.70
5
Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency (GAMT).
PMID: 19289269
Brain Dev Β· 2010
0.60