NMUR1 encodes a G protein-coupled receptor that binds neuromedin U and neuromedin S neuropeptides 1. The receptor is distributed mainly peripherally and activates phospholipase C signaling pathways while inhibiting adenylyl cyclase 1. NMUR1 plays a critical role in neuroimmune interactions, particularly in type 2 immunity. The receptor is expressed on group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) where neuromedin U binding rapidly stimulates type 2 cytokine production including IL-5 and IL-13, with maximal effects at 6 hours 23. This NMU/NMUR1 axis promotes non-redundant ILC2 functions in antiparasitic immunity and tissue protection, with NMU expression increasing in inflamed intestinal tissues 2. In allergic asthma, NMUR1+ ILC2s are activated within 7 hours of allergen challenge and correlate inversely with inhaled corticosteroid dose 3. NMUR1 is also expressed in mast cells and is elevated in synovial membranes of obese osteoarthritis patients 4. Additionally, NMUR1 promoter methylation serves as an epigenetic biomarker predicting recurrence in head and neck cancers 5, and cerebral artery overexpression is associated with moyamoya disease pathogenesis 6.