POP7 is a protein subunit of ribonuclease P, a ribonucleoprotein complex that processes precursor tRNA by cleaving their 5' leader sequences to generate mature tRNA molecules. POP7 also participates in ribonuclease MRP, which cleaves pre-rRNA during ribosomal RNA processing. Beyond its canonical role in RNA processing, POP7 functions as an RNA-binding protein with broader regulatory capacity. In breast cancer, elevated POP7 expression promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, as well as primary tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo 1. This oncogenic activity operates through regulation of interleukin enhancer binding factor 3 (ILF3) messenger RNA stability; knockdown of ILF3 impairs the malignant phenotype induced by POP7 overexpression 1. Recent evidence suggests that other ribonuclease P/MRP subunits, including POP7, may be implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma malignancy through coordinated regulation of ribosomal biogenesis 2. POP7 has been used as an internal control gene in diagnostic assays for COVID-19 and tuberculosis, leveraging its constitutive expression as a reference for molecular detection platforms. These findings establish POP7 as both a fundamental component of RNA processing machinery and a potential cancer-associated oncogene.