RPL18A is a structural component of the large ribosomal subunit that participates in cytoplasmic protein synthesis 1. As an RNA-binding protein, RPL18A functions within ribonucleoprotein complexes involved in translation and RNA metabolism 1. The protein serves as a nuclear import substrate, with importins preventing its aggregation with cytoplasmic polyanions by covering its basic domains 2. RPL18A's dysregulation is associated with multiple disease contexts. In neuroblastoma, RPL18A ranks among five core metabolic reprogramming genes in bone marrow-infiltrating cells, with elevated expression correlating with poor prognosis and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment formation 3. In clear cell renal cell carcinoma, RPL18A was identified as a candidate differentially expressed RBP with diagnostic and prognostic potential 4. During aortic valve calcification, RPL18A was identified as a hub gene in protein-protein interaction networks, though its specific role differs from related ribosomal proteins RPL15 and RPL18 5. Clinically, RPL18A's involvement in viral replication is noteworthy: dengue virus NS1 protein interacts with RPL18, which is required for viral translation and replication in hepatic cells 6. RPL18A also participates in B-cell transformation contexts when cooperating with c-myc overexpression 7. These findings suggest RPL18A's potential as a therapeutic target in cancer and infectious diseases.