TAGLN2 (transgelin 2) is a cytoskeletal organizer protein that functions as a critical regulator of actin dynamics and cellular metabolism across multiple physiological contexts. In CD8+ T cells, TAGLN2 facilitates fatty acid uptake and mitochondrial respiration by interacting with FABP5 to promote its cell surface localization, thereby sustaining T cell bioenergetic capacity and anticancer immunity 1. Structurally, TAGLN2 binds actin filaments and coordinates actin cytoskeleton organization 2, enabling dynamic cellular remodeling essential for tumor invasion and metastasis. In cancer progression, TAGLN2 expression is frequently elevated and promotes disease advancement through multiple mechanisms. In glioblastoma, TAGLN2 drives proneural-to-mesenchymal transition and temozolomide resistance via interaction with the ERK1/2-MGMT axis, regulated upstream by NF-κB 3. In gastric cancer, TAGLN2 upregulates interferon-stimulated genes through AKT-YBX1 signaling and cGAS-STING pathway activation, conferring therapy resistance 4. TAGLN2 elevation also predicts esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression from precancerous lesions 5. Clinically, TAGLN2 serves as a prognostic biomarker in acute respiratory distress syndrome, where elevated serum levels predict poor outcomes 6. Therapeutically, TAGLN2 agonists show promise in asthma by inducing airway smooth muscle relaxation via RhoA-ROCK pathway inactivation 7, while TAGLN2 inhibition or pathway targeting represents a viable strategy to enhance cancer treatment efficacy 8.