NIP7 (nucleolar pre-rRNA processing protein NIP7) is an essential nuclear protein required for ribosome biogenesis and pre-rRNA processing. The protein functions primarily in 60S ribosomal subunit assembly in yeast 1, while in humans it is involved in both 40S and 60S subunit biogenesis 2. NIP7 localizes to the nucleolus and associates with pre-ribosomal particles, dissociating as ribosomal subunits mature and are exported to the cytoplasm 3. The protein contains a conserved PUA (pseudouridine synthase and archaeosine transglycosylase) RNA-binding domain, indicating its evolutionary conservation across species 4. Mechanistically, NIP7 is required for proper 34S pre-rRNA processing, particularly at processing site 2, which is critical for 18S rRNA maturation 3. Depletion of NIP7 results in accumulation of 35S and 27S pre-rRNA precursors and decreased 20S pre-rRNA levels, leading to reduced 60S subunit synthesis and impaired protein synthesis 1. Beyond ribosome biogenesis, NIP7 has been implicated in disease contexts, including upregulation in anaplastic thyroid cancer where it promotes tumor growth by regulating UBE2C expression 5, and associations with cardiac structure and function 6.