RSL24D1 (ribosomal L24 domain containing 1) is a nucleolar protein essential for 60S ribosomal subunit biogenesis. It functions by ensuring proper docking of GTPBP4/NOG1 to pre-60S particles and regulating pre-rRNA processing 1. RSL24D1 plays a dual role in ribosome assembly: it directly participates in 60S subunit maturation while also regulating pre-rRNA transcription by interacting with RNA polymerase I subunit RPA194 to maintain its steady-state levels 1. In embryonic stem cells, RSL24D1-dependent ribosome biogenesis is required to sustain global translation, particularly of pluripotency factors and Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 components, which regulate ESC self-renewal and lineage commitment 2. Clinically, RSL24D1 has emerged as a prognostic biomarker in multiple myeloma, being identified as one of six cuproptosis-related genes predictive of patient outcomes 3. Additionally, RSL24D1 expression is altered in several disease contexts: it is downregulated in early-stage cancers relative to healthy controls and may serve as a cancer diagnostic marker 4, is among key hub genes identified in stroke-induced peripheral immunosuppression with sex-specific differences 5, and appears dysregulated in both COVID-19 and venous thromboembolism 6. These findings position RSL24D1 as a critical regulator linking ribosome biogenesis to cellular proliferation, differentiation, and disease pathogenesis.